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List of national anthems : ウィキペディア英語版 | List of national anthems
Most nation-states have anthems, defined as "a song, as of praise, devotion, or patriotism"; most anthems are either marches or hymns in style. A hymn can become a national anthem by a provision in the state's constitution, by a law enacted by its legislature, or simply by tradition. A royal anthem is a patriotic song similar to a national anthem, but it specifically praises or prays for a monarch or royal dynasty. Such anthems are usually performed at public appearances by the monarch or during other events of royal importance. Some states use the royal anthem as the national anthem, such as the anthem of Jordan. There are multiple claimants to the position of oldest national anthem.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=What are the world’s oldest national anthems? )〕 Among the national anthems, the first to be composed was the Dutch national anthem the "Wilhelmus", which was written between 1568 and 1572. The Japanese anthem, "Kimigayo", employs the oldest lyrics of any national anthem, taking its words from the "Kokin Wakashū", which was first published in 905, yet these words were not set to music until 1880.〔Japan Policy Research Institute (JPRI Working Paper No. 79 ). Published July 2001. Retrieved July 7, 2007〕 The first anthem to be officially adopted as such was the Spanish anthem "Marcha Real", in 1770; its origins remain unclear, being suggested to have sixteenth century Venetian origins, or even to have been composed by king Frederick the Great himself; it is also one of the few national anthems that has never had official lyrics. Anthems became increasingly popular among European states in the 18th century. For example, the British national anthem "God Save the Queen" was first performed under the title "God Save the King" in 1745. The French anthem "La Marseillaise" was written half a century later in 1792, and adopted in 1795.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/marseill.html )〕 National anthems are usually written in the most common language of the state, whether ''de facto'' or official. States with multiple national languages may offer several versions of their anthem. For instance, Switzerland's national anthem has different lyrics for each of the country's four official languages: French, German, Italian, and Romansh.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.ch.ch/schweiz/01063/01065/index.html?lang=en )〕 The New Zealand national anthem is traditionally sung with the first verse in Māori ("Aotearoa") and the second in English ("God Defend New Zealand"). The tune is the same but the lyrics have different meanings. South Africa's national anthem is unique in that five of the eleven official languages are used in the same anthem, in which each language comprises a stanza. == Anthems of UN member states or observer states== Only United Nations member states and observer states are included in this table.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.un.org/en/members/index.shtml )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.un.org/en/members/nonmembers.shtml )〕 Anthems of sovereign states which are not UN members or observers are listed in a separate table below. An English translation of the title is provided in parentheses where appropriate.
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